When it comes to the truth about radiation and health effects,
there are no experts who are honest - not in government, not in science, not anywhere. Yet, people would rather
listen to liars than challenge their assumptions about the sources of the so-called truth and disregard the purveyors
of actual truth on this topic: the non-creditialed self-taught. - Andrew Kishner, May 18, 2013
'Deception, Cover-up and Murder in the Nuclear Age' is our six-year effort and free web-based book. Click to read the book here
What you can learn in the book: Every cancer and leukemia
since 1945 can be fractionally blamed on one thing: nuclear testing fallout. 'Chernobyl fallout' was 90-95% from Chernobyl and the rest from a covered-up U.S. nuclear release. There are dozens of nuclear reactors orbiting us - many have crashed on Earth. The U.S. may have replicated a 'Hiroshima' inferno on actual humans (in cages in Nevada). Your cremated remains mixed into water would be undrinkable per the EPA because of its strontium-90 levels.
MORE
April 30, 2013 - While LaScram
LaSalle Falls Apart, Operator Asks NRC If They Can Put a Hemi
In It- Exelon is proceeding with a formal request to the NRC for a mega-power boost (aka
'uprate') at the LaSalle plant to increase thermal output by a whopping 12.5%. Also, it has
been learned that the culprit of the technical shutdown of LaSalle Unit 1 reactor on
April 27th was the same exact valve that failed
following a scram in February 2011 due to a welding defect. The recommended fix (buy a new one, duh!) was apparently not heeded;
Status: LaSalle 1 is being restarted (at 22%). LaSalle 2 is at 1% power.
April 29, 2013 - Map of eastern U.S. nuclear plants that
have no containment vent filters (which is a 'Fukushima lessons learned'
that 'wasn't implemented')- enlarge image
April 25-27, 2013 - April 25: LaSalle Unit 2 restart attempt results in a
scram - reason: condenser leak. April 26: NRC
announces 'Special Investigation'
into April 17th events; April 27: during Unit 1 startup process, operators
were forced to shut reactor down after leak was detected in the primary containment
April 17, 2013 - LaSalle County
Nuclear Generating Station is hit by lightning - both reactors scram - pressure
builds in containment - radioactive gases vented from containment - monitoring fails -
vents from Unit 2 not filtered - leaks and other problems not reported until days later - our initial report
and our analysis of the types of radioactive gases released
in unfiltered vent
You are reading from a free online e-book titled 'Deception, Cover-up and Murder in the Nuclear Age.'
The book discusses the Trinity test, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, hydrogen bomb testing fallout,
U.S. experiments done on Marshall Islanders (Project 4.1), the Irene Allen trial, Cosmos 954, the Fukushima meltdowns,
Three Mile Island updates, and so much
more. Visit the Table of Contents to find this free content.
Footnotes are located at the end of each chapter - press the (right facing) 'PAGE' button icon until you reach
the footnotes page, or locate it via the table of contents
4 of 7
16-4
Chapter 16 - Introduction to environmental radiation monitoring
Footnotes
1 The number of stations in the 'air program' in ERAMS
fluctuated from 67 in 1983 to 69 in 1988 to 52 in 2001 to 59 in 2005.
1b Read EPA's 2005 report "Expansion and Upgrade of the RadNet Air Monitoring
Network", Vol.
1 & Vol.
2 (that are no longer available at the EPA URLs - or anywhere online except
at scribd.com or archive.org (2006-2008)-
of http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/er/draft_radnet_plan-vol1.pdf or http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/er/draft_radnet_plan-vol2.pdf)
2 There are different GM detectors for each type
of radiation: a Pancake G-M will detect alpha/beta/gamma, a thin-wall G-M will
detect beta/gamma, and a G-M tube will only detect gamma.
3 The beta counter
used by EPA is a 600
square millimeter Passivated Ion-implanted Planar Silicon detector.
4 (what volunteer
is going to to drive into a plume to do that?)
5 In the
'old days' - before automated continuous beta detectors - station volunteers would take the filters and they wouldn't
analyze them for beta until a 4-6 hour period had lapsed for the same reason: so as to 'permit decay
of radon daughters that may be attached to collected particles.'
6 There are other questions - relating
to calibration, QC, etc... - about the 'new' Radnet air monitoring network
raised by the Radiation Advisory Committee's (RAC) RadNet Review Panel of
the Science Advisory Board - read a draft report of their 2006 concerns here.
7 The DOE's CEMP network is the complete opposite of Radnet.
CEMP stations arrayed across three
states in the Southwest around the DOE NNSA's Nevada Test Site - now called the
NNSS - provide
publicly-available meteorological and radiological data but that radiological
data is extremely limited in scope since CEMP renders gamma exposure rates in
real-time but has no monitoring for alpha or beta radiation. CEMP has no real time
or manual on-site counting of alpha or beta radiation of filters. Filters
in CEMP are collected twice monthly and sent to a lab. The results are
normally kept from the public. Should many
types of radiation-effluents pass by a CEMP station, the station's air filter will likely catch any
alpha, beta or gamma particles and results of a lab analysis will be available
several weeks later, which obviously is too long to wait to warn the public if a
large release occurred.
Obviously, CEMP
can't detect in real-time a plume of
alpha- or beta-emitting radioactive noble gases (i.e., Krypton-85) escaping, by
seeping or leaking, from underground test areas at the NNSS - which has been a common occurrence since underground
testing stopped in 1992. Long-lived krypton and xenon and argon gases, like krypton 85 and xenon 133, are all heavier than air and thus they settle near the ground.
Because we breathe in air whether it is radioactive or not, humans routinely intake radioactive noble gases from nuclear reactor emissions and leaks from underground nuclear test shafts into our lungs. In the lungs, these radio-chemicals get absorbed into the bloodstream and because they are soluble in fat they tend to accumulate in our 'fatty' deposits in our bodies where they give off
Xray-like gamma radiation.
CEMP also can't detect the most damaging forms of dust or particle effluents (i.e., Strontium-90, or
Plutonium-239) from the radioactive soils of the NNSS. It is for
that reason that this author was shocked to read on September 25, 2012 a message
posted at the CEMP-dedicated website (cemp.dri.edu) titled 'Public Notice of Rad
Removal from Ranch Sites' announcing DOE's decision for a 'transition...toward a vision
of increased public outreach' in the CEMP network. This transition will entail the removal of the radiological
air monitoring capabilities at six
CEMP 'ranch' stations north of the test site. The justification for the removal of monitoring
from these rural stations is that CEMP 'has not detected
radionuclides of concern in the airborne environment of the NNSS since testing
ended in 1992...' Yet this conclusion - which is repeated in the notice in the phrase 'radionuclides are not being displaced into the airborne
environment from the NNSS in amounts that represent a threat
to public health' - is a fallacious one. The DOE is not monitoring
for plutonium or strontium-90 offsite, which are radionuclides of concern to anyone, and
therefore can't positively state that dangerous quantities
of these radioisotopes aren't making it into communities. The public notice adds that
an 'ample number of monitoring stations' (what remains after the removal
of ranch monitoring) will be sufficient
to 'confirm that detectable quantities of airborne radionuclides...are insignificant
or absent' but that additional cuts in radiological monitoring (those 'in communities') may be
made through 2017. The DOE, as in 1998 (when
ever greater cuts were made to offsite monitoring), did not seek stakeholder
input - this is a decision made by DOE, and the DOE alone.
Although the notice, which hails
the cost-savings of the decision, says funds
may be reallocated for water monitoring (a growing concern in
areas adjacent to the NNSS), there is nothing promised in this announcement that's
good for the public. In fact, this decision by the DOE to further
gut monitoring is a very bad deal for the public. This is
a PR move - pure and simple - that helps the DOE avoid attention to more embarrassing failures of its monitoring equipment
and potential large leaks of radiation that can still occur at the test site. An anonymous letter sent
allegedly by a group of DOE and EPA scientists to the State of Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects in 1998 implied
that one of the radiological 'situations' at the (formerly named) Nevada Test Site that a DOE-gutted environmental program
would largely fail to 'mitigate' included nuclear "devices [that] have failed to detonate partially or completely."
There were two nuclear devices that failed to detonate underneath the test site in the 1970s that were never
convincingly 'terminated.' These are unexploded nuclear bombs that threaten the American West. We
need more monitoring, not less, to be a 'first line of defense' when and if drillback operations leak
out a major plume of krypton-85 gas, unexploded nuclear bombs unexpectedly explode
at the site or severe wind storms (winds regularly sweep plutonium from the test site across the country)
carry extreme contamination into offsite areas.
The Nevada Test Site's Noble
Gas and Tritium Surveillance Network, established in March and April of 1972,
monitored for radio-xenons and -kryptons and forms of tritiumbut was
shut down at the end of the Cold War. Thus, presently, many radioactive gases - especially
tritium - cannot be easily detected in the case of a terrorist attack or a
nuclear accident in the U.S. because such gas-detecting ability doesn't exist in
CEMP or RADNET.
There are several forms of tritium:
tritium: H3
tritiated hydrogen: HT
tritiated water: HTO
tritiated methane: CH3T
8The
startling finding of re-criticality, or the resumption of atomic chain
reactions, at the reactors at Fukushima suggest that the same might occur in
unexploded or partially exploded nuclear bombs in underground areas of the
Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). This inventory of nuclear UXO
(unexploded ordnance) includes at least two atomic
bomb devices - one damaged during emplacement and another that failed to
detonate; two attempts by the Department of Energy in 1979 to use nuclear
blast-induced shaking of underground areas to 'destroy' the UXO likely failed.
A permanent deployment of radioactive noble gas monitors ringing the NNSS
to detect abnormal increases of leaked gaseous fission products at the site
could prepare for the possibility of unanticipated nuclear excursions or
explosions in Nevada.
Sidenote Consider that in a 2007 Associated Press article titled 'US Short on Labs for Radiation
Testing,' journalist Eileen Sullivan noted that owing to a shortage of labs
nationwide that are certified to test body tissue, etc... for radioactive
contamination in the event of a dirty bomb attack, "officials recently said the nation is ill-equipped to quickly track down
the make and origin of nuclear materials."
Here are links to websites that continuously monitor radiation in air around North America:
